1. The hydraulic conductivity
measure of how easily water moves through the porous media. It depends on the
permeability of the material, the degree of saturation and the density and
viscosity of the fluid.
According
to Darcy’s law, the specific discharge can be defined as volume flux per unit
area
$\frac{Q}{A}=K
\frac{dh}{dl}$------------------(1)
Q- Discharge (m3/s)
dh / dl – Hydraulic head
gradient
K – Hydraulic conductivity (m/s)
A- cross-sectional area (m2)
The Hydraulic gradient is the
change in total head divided the distance over which the change occurs (dh /
dl).
2.
Permeability in fluid mechanics and the earth sciences is a measure of the
ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it, SI unit for
permeability is m2. The
permeability unit darcy $(~10^{-12} m^2 )$ is named in Henry Darcy honour.
3. The viscosity of a fluid is a
measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile
stress. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of
"thickness"; for example, honey has a much higher viscosity than
water.
Both the physical unit of
dynamic viscosity in SI units, the poiseuille (Pl), and cgs units, the poise
(P), are named after Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille. The poiseuille, which is
rarely used, is equivalent to the pascal second (Pa·s), or (N·s)/m2,
or kg/(m·s).
4. Hydraulic head or piezometric
head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a geodetic datum. It is
usually measured as a liquid surface elevation, expressed in units of length,
at the entrance (or bottom) of a piezometer.
5.Transmissivity is a measure of
how much water can be transmitted horizontally, such as to a pumping well.
An aquifer may consist of n soil
layers. The transmissivity for the horizontal flow of Ti in the i-th
soil layer with a saturated thickness di and horizontal hydraulic conductivity
Ki is:
Ti= Ki di
Transmissivity is directly
proportional to horizontal hydraulic conductivity Ki and
thickness di. Expressing Ki in m/day and di in
m, the transmissivity Ti is found in units m2/day.]
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